Nursing Education Essay

This paper will outline the differences in competencies between Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), and Bachelor in Science of Nursing (BSN) prepared nurses. Then identify a patient care situation describing how nursing care or approaches to decision making may differ based upon the educational preparation of the nurse. The Free online Dictionary (2013) depicts competency as â€Å"The quality of being competent or capable of performing an allotted function.† Here is a comparison of two different pathways to becoming a Registered Nurse: Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), and Bachelor in Science of Nursing (BSN) programs. Born out of the nursing shortage in 1952, the Associate Degree nurse came in to fruition thanks to Mildred Montag. The Associate Degree program for Registered Nurses is two-three years length. This program does hold academic credit based on clinical and general studies preparing these students to be able to function as â€Å"technical† bedside nurses. At the end of the ADN program students are eligible to take the NCLEX-RN (Creasia & Reid, 2011). The Bachelors of Science program is four years in length and actually regarded by the American Nurse association as the original entry level requirement to becoming a Registered Nurse (Smith, 2009). This program originated in 1909. The BSN program is based on evidence based practice, Community nursing, and prepares these nurses for leadership roles whereas the ADN programs do not function to prepare nurses in leadership roles (Creasia & Reid, 2011). This is due to the program providing education, described by Creasia & Reid, 2011, also on â€Å"Information management, health care policy and finance, communication/collaboration, clinical Prevention/population health and professional values.† (p. 25). At the end of the program these Nurses are eligible to take the NCLEX-RN. With differences in the level of education among RN’s this brings up the controversial topic of: Do the difference in educational levels of BSN prepared nurse and ADN nurse make the more educated BSN more prepared for the challenges of nursing today? There is much more research needed on this topic. Online Journals such as Policy Politics Nursing Practice Ellenbecker, 2011 state, â€Å"Today’s environment of expanding knowledge, the call for interdisciplinary healthcare delivery teams, and evidence of the relationship between nurse education and improved patient outcomes strongly indicate the need for nurses prepared at the baccalaureate level.† (115-125). Studies such as Aiken (2003) depict negative outcomes such as failure to rescue and mortality were nineteen percent lower in hospitals post-surgical patients where sixty percent of the nurses had baccalaureate degrees. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing 2003 provide an entire fact sheet depicting h ow BSN nurses may be more prepared than diploma or ADN to meet the demands of nursing today. They state this is due to the broader span of course work provided in the BSN program. The BSN nurse learns what the diploma and ADN nurse learn but receive a more â€Å"in depth† experience thus allowing them enhanced â€Å"professional development, a greater understating of cultural, political, economic and social issues affecting patients and influencing health care delivery.† (AACN 2003). Nurses holding a BSN education could indeed be more able to provide the approach of looking at the patient as a whole, as well as enhanced critical thinking skills. (AACN 2003). One clinical example that depicts the difference in patient care situation describing how nursing care or approaches to decision-making may differ based upon the educational preparation of the nurse BSN versus a diploma or ADN degree. The issue of â€Å"may† provide different approaches to decision making is appropriate. There are studies that support that BSN prepared nurses are better prepared and studies that suggest that there is no significant difference in care delivered by BSN compared to the care delivered ADN and Diploma nurses. When faced with the evidence that BSN prepared nurses are taught a higher level of education and to utilize evidence based practice (AACN 2003) (Creasia & Reid, 2011). The BSN prepared nurse may be better prepared to think more critically and research why they do a task and not just do the task blindly. For instance evidence-based practice provides hospitals with ways to decrease CAUTI from occurring (AJIC 2011). This is â€Å"Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). According to AJIC 2011, â€Å"CAUTI are â€Å"common, morbid, and costly†. â€Å"Nearly 25% of hospitalized patients are catheterized yearly, and 10% develop urinary tract infections. Evidence based guidelines exist for indwelling urinary catheter management but are not consistently followed.† (pp. 1-6). Being educated enough to look up what the evidence based practice guidelines on catheters are can significantly increase positive patient outcomes. Furthermore, AJIC 2011 states also that when nurses where â€Å"re-educated† on a â€Å"basic skill† and† infusing best evidence into current practice were important to raise awareness of simple interventions that positively impacted patient outcomes and infusing best evidence into current practice were important to raise awareness of simple interventions that positively impacted patient outcomes.† (pp. 1-6). Nurses who are more educated on reasons behind evidence based practice understand the importance of implementing it into current nursing practice. So it could be said that a BSN prepared nurse is more likely to utilize the practice guidelines that are evidence based. This provides an example how a BSN nurse could be more likely to make a different judgment call than a diploma or and nurse and take initiative to ask the MD for an order to support an evidence-based decision. To summarize there three pathways to becoming a Registered Nurse: Diploma, ADN, and BSN programs. Each has unique qualities. The program that offers a more â€Å"in-depth† education is the BSN program. All programs lead to the same end point of allowing the student to the NCLEX-RN. There are varying viewpoints on whether or not a BSN versus ADN nurse is better educationally prepared for the nursing workforce today. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2013). The impact of education on nursing practice. Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from: http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education Aiken, L. H. (2003). Educational levels of hospital nurses and surgical patient mortality. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290 , 1617–1623. Retrieved on January 19, 2013 from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077115/ Creasia, J. L., & Reid, PHD, RN, K. B. (2011). Conceptual foundations the bridge to professional nursing practice. (5th ed.). Ch. 2, pp.1-39. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Mosby. Retrieved on January 19, 2013 from: http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-0-323-06869-7 Ellenbecker PhD, RN, C. (2010, 08 30). Policy politics and nursing practice preparing the Nursing Workforce of the Future. vol. 11 no. 2 115-125. Retrieved from on January 19, 2013: http://ppn.sagepub.com/content/11/2/115.abstract Farlex, Inc. (2013). The free dictionary . Retrieved on January 19, 2013 from: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/competencies Oman, K. S., & Flynn Makic, M. B. (2011). Nurse-directed interventions to reduce catheter associated urinary tract infections. American Journal of Infection Control, 1-6. Retrieved on January 19, 2013 from: http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/medicalschool/departments/medicine/hcpr/cauti/documents/TeamPublications/Nurse-Directed Interventions to Reduce Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections.pdf

A parent’s dilemma

Parenting is never an easy task. How the children are being raised is always the parents’ prerogative. Parental child rearing styles are key components to assessing emotional attachments, respect, and other domains of parent-child interaction. The belief system, societal norms, and culture are basic ingredients in understanding parental personality and psychopathology.The drama of leaving the young ones behind while daddy and mommy go to work has always been quite difficult for the parents. Therefore relationship between parents and children breakdown to a state more often channeled through professional agencies such as babysitters and other childcare to look after them while at work. Moreover it is still parent’s responsibility to ensure that children behave in a way acceptable to societal norms and community.Considering that disruptive behaviors of children are always followed by criticisms concerning parental irresponsibility, it has always been a headache when some values of the babysitter were being incorporated and taught to the children.Parents tried to compensate absence making calls every now and then to check the kids. But the relationship and the values that children gather is more on witnessing the adult that they are spending a majority of their time in a day.My mother used to call me three times a day. If she is busy she forgot and I got no calls to expect. It is lonely when parents are not at home. This is true especially when I get sick and is left under the care of a babysitter. When I have a slight fever and I want a hug and have someone beside me, the babysitter depending on their race, can be cold at times. I may have my medicines but I still can sense I don’t know what is lacking. Affection and love is really not there, just not there.The need to support high cost maintenance of rearing children and coping up basic needs like education and food has given rise to mothers definitely working to help sustain finances. The c ommon practice of family work balance still refers to women as continually responsible for most of the work associated with child rearing. The behavior of children continues to project experience from other changes made within family context.From my experience, some babysitters tend to be warm and nice in front of my parents and start to change course of mood the moment the car is already off the driveway.They become distant and grouchy in my every request. Food sometimes is a problem. I don’t like how they prepare my meals. I noticed that I was becoming uncaring and disrespectful too even with my parents. The attitude puzzled them. The idea seems to go around like this: what you see is what you portray.Pay off for both parents working are the quantity and nature of family social capital. This is evidenced by home environments. This relatively means that the number of hours parents spend working impacts family strength and relationships.Mothers spending more time with childre n create stronger home environments. The consequence of changing context of parental employment affects the kind of parenting the children benefits and receives. It also shows significant effect on the quality of care giving experience they are receiving.When dad was promoted and he got a nicer pay than the previous month, mom decided to shit from full time work to part time work. I was very happy then and I really value her presence and was really thankful she is the one caring for me most of the time.When Dad had another promotion, the house was already filled with luxury items and my things and my bed are really nice. I have my allowance and I can buy items whenever mother decides for a short trip to the supermarket on mornings for groceries.

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Research - Essay Example Their functions include planning and proactively monitoring and forecasting the changing requirements of the individual, coordinating his\her information regarding the care across all parts of the social and health care system, coordinating the care delivered to a patient group, facilitating communications between the hierarchies and care providers, overseeing the follow up of consultations and ensuring the linkage to other services, eliminating intervention and task duplication and ensuring implementation of the plans and their follow up (Mullahy, 1998). In summary, their functions can be generalized into four basics: A case manager should be possessing competencies in clinical training and having background knowledge of the job, communication and negotiation skills are imperative in such a job. Case managers need to be able to satisfactorily educate the patients and care providers. Possession of dexterity and in-depth knowledge of the ethics plus a strong character can help a case manager to voice dissidence when it is unavoidable. The case manager must be a strong problem-solver so that he can quickly and aptly solve technical, organizational and relational problems which might arise and so that he can avoid any variances to the plan all the way in its anticipated duration (Steinberg, 1996). Other competencies that a case manager shows are an aptitude for working in a team and a propensity for meeting hosting. Significant decision-making and leadership qualities are central to this role. A case manager has to be able to assert her belief in the case and communicate effectively to get others to follow the guidelines of the case management and adhere to them. Investigative skills play an important role in the case manager’s profile as they help him in overseeing, evaluating and correcting the implementation of the clinical

Philosophy. Comapare Socrates and Thoreau's methods, beleifs. Show Essay

Philosophy. Comapare Socrates and Thoreau's methods, beleifs. Show where they are the same and where and why they differ - Essay Example Socrates was more specific about the commitments of a human towards the state (Socrates). He has argued that the state has the most importance than anything in the world. Socrates believed that the people should work for the government and their self interests are not much important when compared to the interests of the government or the state. Even the death was considered of least importance while fighting to protect the interest of the sates as per Socrates. On the other hand, Thoreau was not much adamant about the commitment of the people towards the government or the state (Richardson). He believed that the people have another life apart from the life for government. In his opinion, doing everything as the government directs may not be a wise act for the people. In his opinion, the governments are responsible for so many evil things in the society like slavery and wars and there is no point in sacrificing the life for the interests of the government. Thoreau believed that a person’s life has lot of dimensions and its commitment towards the state is only one among them. Socrates believed that the government is responsible for giving better living standards to the people whereas Thoreau believed that the government denying it. Both Socrates and Thoreau have some similarities also in their views. Both of them believed in morality. Thoreau said that people, if left to their own ends will act justly, and should be treated accordingly by the law (Richardson). Socrates also said the same thing that "no one wants to commit injustice" for its own sake, many people end up doing so anyway (Socrates). Socrates argued that the people have a moral responsibility to abide by the state laws in response to the protection provided to the people by the states. Socrates has given more importance to the consciousness of in individual while obeying the laws. He has pointed out that the people can avoid laws if they feel injustice in it. Thoreau also more or less

Diagnosis in Mental Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Diagnosis in Mental Health - Essay Example Thus resulting in the person becoming convinced this way also. Does this 'diagnostic label' reflect a truth about what psychiatric diagnosis actually is Example: An interim medical professional was training. The medical professional sat in a ward within approximate distance from the psychiatrist. The psychiatrist was interviewing a woman who was very depressed, her husband was with her. The husband made a comment such as, "We just want to know what is making her depressed, doctor." The psychiatrist dismissed this, said that they had to understand that she had a "depressive illness", that this was "an illness like any other kind of illness", and that they would be treating this (the 'treatment' consisted of antidepressants .) So that's it! What's causing this depression Is Depression causing this depression (or substitute 'schizophrenia', 'bipolar', etc). The doctor -usually a medical doctor, sometimes a clinical psychologist, is usually expected to judge whether the collection of feelings, experiences and behaviors you described and observed, fit into one of the categories in the psychiatric diagnostic manuals that the pr... bserves about the behaviour, and can elicit from the patient their feelings, experiences and behaviour - which usually happens within a short interview. There are alternatives to diagnostic classification in mental health. Reports suggest mental health professionals will start avoiding diagnosis and concentrating instead on what problems the person was experiencing, needed to deal with, and on the context in which these problems had arisen. There is a debate happening about the usefulness of diagnosis, particularly in clinical psychology, that rather than try to fit people into distinct diagnostic categories, given our states of psychological distress and disturbance as existing on a continuum, on a spectrum, using an approach called 'formulation'. This approach is used by some professionals, which, concentrates on the difficulties the person is experiencing and their particular circumstances and looks to help with these. This report will address diagnosis in mental health, advantages and disadvantages of diagnosis in mental health, self-fulfilling prophesy, problems with diagnosis and the social impact mental illness has on society. Definition The word diagnosis comes directly from the Greek, but with different meaning. To the Greeks a diagnosis is interpreted to mean a "discrimination, a distinguishing, or a discerning between two possibilities." History The history of medical diagnosis began in days of Imhotep in ancient Egypt and Hippocrates in ancient Greece. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, there are four diagnostic methods: inspection, auscultation-olfaction, interrogation, and palpation.[9] A Babylonian medical textbook, the Diagnostic Handbook written by Esagil-kin-apli (fl. 1069-1046 BC), introduced the use of empiricism, logic and

Animal Testing and Rgihts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Animal Testing and Rgihts - Research Paper Example In fact, vivisection of small animals like frogs, rabbits and mice is not confined to sophisticated laboratories alone, but are also a part of school and college curriculum. Animals are also used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries to test drugs and cosmetics before market release. According to AWA reports, the U.S government estimated that the number of laboratory animals used in 2010 alone was about 1,136,567. â€Å"Precise figures for the number of rats, mice, birds and fish do not exist, but it is estimated that approximately 25 million of these animals are used every year† (animal Reports Animal Usage by Fiscal year, 1-2). Vivisection is not just using of animals for scientific purposes alone; it also involves the inhumane treatment meted out to them. They are kept in cages in dark laboratories, fed poorly and stored for experimentation alone. The lab animals are subjected to toxic testing, allergen testing etc which involves cruel treatment for the sake of test ing alone and justify them on the grounds that Human feeling s and animals feeling have a difference (Ryder). While many researchers and vivisection enthusiasts may argue that animal testing is beneficial to humans, I shall discus as to why this should be stopped and alternatives adopted. Scientifically Unreliable Scientists and researchers who use animals for their research work often claim that the results procured and derived from these animal-test based experimentation is for the benefit of the human race. But in reality this is untrue and the results may be totally unreliable because the anatomy of humans and animals is drastically different and each species responds differently to a particular substance, this is the reason why thousands of drugs and cosmetics that pass the lab-animal test have often been withdrawn from the markets, solely because they were harmful to humans. Chemical testing is highly unreliable and this can be understood with a small fact that arsenic which i s highly carcinogenic in humans rarely causes cancer in lab animals like mouse and rats. There is no evidence to prove that mice, rabbits and humans would react all the same to a certain chemical. Experimentation on animals is impractical and reveals negligible information about the human body and its response (Mur, 29). Furthermore, it is well known that the sensation of fear alters the biochemical processes of a living body and lab animals are in state of constant fear which may affect the results too. Hence, the results are not valid. ETHICALLY WRONG It is purely unethical to take advantage of speechless and helpless creatures and use them in the laboratories, inflicting intentional pain and fear among them in the name of human benefit. Science itself has proven that animals too like humans, are sentient. They can feel emotions like pain, fear, hunger, thirst etc, yet we deny animals their rights. Rifkin in his article reported about a study conducted in the Purdue University, U. S. where it was observed that’s pigs crave affection and attention and were depressed if denied so. The study strengthened the fact that animals did resemble humans in some form. The theory of Evolution states that Homo sapiens are linked to all other living creatures through evolution, yet somehow humans have taken the liberty to judge other living things and determine their value in Nature. There is nothing to determine whether inherent value of humans is higher than that of other living

Extra Credit ANTH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Extra Credit ANTH - Essay Example The scientists simply study humanity; they tend to figure around how the human race has changed to the current state it is today. Cultural Anthropology is a branch that is concerned with the behavior patterns of the human race. This entails acts of man of clothing, religious activities, and land activities. The cultural branch of anthropology is divided into two, on is ethno linguists, which deals with the study of culture language and ethnomusicologists which is the study of music traditions. Archeology is also another branch of anthropology that deals with the study of society culture. This involves the study of artefacts which reflect the early mans culture and their daily life.Lingustic deals with the study of language. This branch tends to explain how man communicated both verbally or in written form. Physical Anthropology is a branch of anthropology that is concerned with the study of human evolution and the genetics of human race. Anthropologists study everywhere humans and th eir ancestors lived. The scientist through their investigations tend to answer the question ‘why are we what we are’ as biological organisims.The biological changes responsible for bringing humanity to its present state. The ancestral remains in bone form of the human race are called hominids. Anthropologists study the hominids on their physical appearance, intelligence change that makes man distinct from other creatures. The study of the genes in man and how they influenced by the environment. Environmental factors and the effect it has to man, this include climate. The scientists investigate on the reaction of man in relation to the climatic changes. The advantages and the disadvantages of climate on the social and cultural well being of man. The scientist study the human population in relation to climate. The difference of human beings to other creatures in relation to physical anthropology research have been identified. Man is a bipedal creature, he walks on two fee t. The human race has a unique dental structure different from other creaturers.Human beings have a material culture, of which they use objects to manipulate a given environment. According to Anthropologists man has a developed thinking capacity compared to other creatures. Scientists have built a system of ideas to link thoughts explaining the result of an experiment. A fundamental theory on the origin of man was constructed by Charles Darwin. He was given the responsibility of collection, documentation and study of the natural world. Darwin succeeded in coming up with the variations of physical characteristics and their adaptations. He termed adaptation as Natural Selection; this is where the biological characteristics of species boost their survival. In his research he acquired information from scientific subjects which are taxonomy, geology, paleontology, demography and systematics. There were various contributions of scientists in coming up with a theory on evolution.Scientst R obert Hooke was the first in the discovery of cells using a simple microscope. Georges Cuvier discovered the concept of extinction by studying a fish fossil. James Hutton provided evidence is the construction of evolution life span. John Ray discovered the first scientific classification of plants and animals. Thomas Malthus came up with the survival characteristic concept. Carolus Linnaeus came up with a classification system by giving organisms unique names for easy classification. He came up with the taxonomic classification o

Brief the case of Holmes v. South Carolina, 547 U.S. 319 (2006) Coursework

Brief the case of Holmes v. South Carolina, 547 U.S. 319 (2006) - Coursework Example However Holmes denied the charges and confessed that the crime was committed by a third party named Jimmy Mc Caw White. Holmes was of the opinion that the police framed him in this crime. Defendant also produces several witnesses who claimed that the third party was found in the premises of the crime scene during the hours of crime. Holmes produced several witnesses to prove that he was innocent in this case and was trapped by the police. He also asserted that the forensic results were manipulated by poor handling by the police officer. Issue: Is Holmes guilty for the death of the old women in South Carolina? Any case in order to be justified needs solid evidence against the person who is guilty. Moreover there is argument from the defendant that police his trying to frame him .Holmes suggested that The crime was committed by a third party and also produced witnesses for the same. The only proof against Holmes was the palm print, fiber of clothing and DNA elements found at the vicini ty and on victim respectively. .It was a known fact that the police officer handling the case dealt with evidence collection in a negligent manner. He collected the samples with bare hand and henceforth the results were not trust worthy. The issue before the court is that, on what basis they can prove the guiltiness of the defendant as to the crime. How can the court claim that Holmes committed the crime on the women? Court draws conclusion based on evidence found at the crime scene .With regard to this case all the forensic evidence provided was unreliable due to the poor handling of samples by the police officer. Rule: According to federal rule of evidence, rule 702 is a key one. Cornell University of law(2010) states that â€Å"If scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue, a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education, may testify theret o in the form of an opinion or otherwise, if (1) the testimony is based upon sufficient facts or data, (2) the testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods, and (3) the witness has applied the principles and methods reliably to the facts of the case†. Analysis: The Federal rule of evidence is crucial here as the whole case is centered around the validity of the forensic evidence found on the vicinity and victim. Once a crime is committed there should be strong evidence against the defendant in order to sentence the defendant. Even though, the evidence is found, the authenticity of it cannot be established due to the manipulation of them by the police officer. . The forensic result of the crime scene was not authentic as the police officer collected the samples without using gloves. This is against the law as samples are not obtained following the principles laid down by the civil procedure. Since the reliability of the evidence is very questionable, the court ca nnot pass any order against Holmes which prove him guilty Conclusion: Since the U.S. Supreme Court was not satisfactory about the credibility of the forensic results, there are no grounds to accuse the defendant of the crime. At the same time the probability of the involvement of the third party was ruled out on the basis of evidence found on the crime scene. Finally it can be concluded that Holmes involvement in the rape and murder could not be established due to lack of genuine evidence. Work cited Law School, Cornell University. (2010, December).

Technology in criminal justice mangement Research Paper

Technology in criminal justice mangement - Research Paper Example DNA profiles are founded on non – coding DNA and do not disclose the details related to an individual’s physical appearance. This has been one of the major factors that have made such evidence acceptable (MCharek, 2008, p. 519). DNA profiling has achieved phenomenal success in criminal investigation. Moreover, this feature, in association with the major breakthroughs in the field of genetics has greatly enhanced the value of evidence based on DNA profiling. The present day DNA evidence is not restricted to identification, wherein trace evidence is compared with a suspect’s sample (MCharek, 2008, p. 519). As such, DNA profiling is much more and it has the capacity to generate information about the potential offender. One such development is the inference of visible traits, which is founded on racial classifications (MCharek, 2008, p. 519). By employing more sensitive methods that are based upon the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in conjunction with multiplex marker kits, it has become possible to analyze minute and degenerated biological trace evidence. Furthermore, the volume of DNA profiles produced has increased drastically, due to the introduction of capillary DNA sequencing machines (MCharek, 2008, p. 520). These devices make it possible to achieve a much higher rate of processing samples. This increase has also been attributed to the compilation of DNA databanks, and the additional standardization of working procedures. However, these developments have created several new political and ethical problems (MCharek, 2008, p. 520). In addition, these issues can be classified as difficulties emerging from the use of DNA profiling as a tool for investigation. In the initial stages of the use of this new technology, DNA evidence had functioned as a technology enabling identification. The issue at that time was to determine whether a correlation could be established

Refer to other instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Refer to other instructions - Essay Example Subsequent to the closure of the first generation P2P networks, other companies, like Gnutella, entered the fray. Gnutella is a P2P network that operates by means of proxy servers. This network permits its subscribers to be anonymous. These types of networks are less vulnerable to legal action. Freenet functions as a parallel network to the Internet. It has all the feature of a P2P network, and it was developed on the P2P network technology. In this technology, the required information or data is not stored on servers at permanent locations. The information is delivered to the user only when the user demands the information. The subscribers to this network can therefore act anonymously; and the flow of data or content cannot be tracked (Dong, Li and Chen). The present Internet Service Providers or ISPs are not providing sufficient protection to the content that is stored on the servers. Similarly, the ISPs are not safeguarding the interests of the users of the internet. Even the most famous and well established internet based companies are not respecting the rights of the users. There are several cases against these companies on the charges of copyright infringements. One such company is Yahoo, which blatantly ignores the rights of the internet users. Similarly, there are a number of infringements of music industry’s rights on the internet. In order to address this problem, the WIPO had provided several guidelines, in its Treaties in the year 1996 (Kennedy). The music industry is losing its legitimate revenues due to this illegal downloading of music through the internet. At present, the music industry is the largest loser. In the future, the new budding music stars would publish their music works on the internet and make it available for the general public, without any cost, in the hope of gaining fame (Seifert and Hadida). At the moment

Stand paper on the Priority Development Assistance fund Essay Example for Free

Stand paper on the Priority Development Assistance fund Essay The Priority Development Assistance Fund or PDAF also known as â€Å"Pork barrel† is a discretionary fund allocated for the purpose of providing projects which will promote the development of the different districts of the country. It is released through the General Appropriations Act (GAA) of the congress which will serve as the National Budget of the Government. The amount allocated for PDAF in the fiscal year 2013 totaled for 24.7 billion pesos with each member of the House of Representatives receiving 70 million pesos and members of the Senate with 200 million each. This fund traces its roots from the Countrywide Development Fund of the Administration of Pres. Corazon Aquino. During the Ramos Administration, it is said that the funds were used by the President to sustain his control in the congress. The result of this was the growing criticisms against the release of such funds. When President Joseph Estrada stepped-up as the president, he promised the abolishment of this funds. To show their sincerity, the congress abolished the CDF but was virtually revived with the name of Priority Development Assistance Fund.1 This year, the public was outraged by the discovery of the 10 Billion Pork Barrel scam which was allegedly done through the initiative of Mrs. Janet Lim-Napoles. This crime exposed by Benhur Luy was described by Sen. Miriam Defensor-Santiago as the â€Å"Crime of the Millennium†. B. Stand: As an advocate of progress, I am not in favor for the abolition of PDAF or Pork barrel. Considering its legality, the existence of this fund is undisputable because the Supreme Court, the highest court of the land, already ruled in favor for the existence of this fund. That was held in the Case of LAMP vs. DBM, and following the principle of Stare Decisis, we should follow the decision of the court which already adjudged the matter at hand. Furthermore, many citizens, especially the indigent and the people from poor provinces and municipalities are benefiting from such fund. Moreover, the abolishment of this fund would disintegrate the projects needed by the people. C. Recommendation: In line with the Status Quo and the arguments I stated in my stand, I am recommending for the Non-abolishment of this funds. Furthermore, Guidelines for such funds are already provided in the constitution2 and the Department of Budget and Management3. Moreover, strict implementation of such guidelines is needed to guarantee the safeguard of this fund from corruption.

Linguistic Devices Essay Example for Free

Linguistic Devices Essay Both Sun and Independent use linguistic devices. Both Sun and Independent are about the same subject about Clare Short, who is an ex-Cabinet Minister. Clare Short was accused of treachery; she was accused of leaking secrets about the UKs National Security. Both newspapers present the case against her in different ways. The Sun and Independent are reporting on Clare Shorts words according to Sun she was damaging the interest of the UK. In the Independent she was accused the blame about the Iraq war. The Suns headline is big and striking but in The Independent it is small and not as striking. The headline in The Sun had lots of premodifiers self-serving irresponsible discredited and bitter but on The Independent it rarely uses any. The tabloid used premodifiers in the title to show biased views unlike broadsheet newspaper, which shows different opinion to the audience. The Independent uses names in the title to identify who they are talking about. This is more informative. Both newspapers had pictures. Generally, The Sun had bigger pictures than The Independent. The Sun gives a big negative picture, which gives the audience a negative impression that she is guilty. On the other hand The Independent gives fairly good impression of Clare Short and as if she is explaining her thoughts. Tabloid only has a caption that shows a more one-sided approach, under fire where Clare Short has to defend herself. However in the Independent it has captions for Clare Short and Turnbull. This shows that the Independent is focusing on both sides of the argument. Independent uses informative rather than the accusation language of The Sun. When the Independent makes their point there is no naming people. The Sun uses slang and colloquial language to grab the readers attention. Sun also writes this to entertain the audience. Whilst in The Independent they use Standard English, their purpose is to inform and explain to the reader. The Sun avoids complex sentences so as not to confuse the reader whilst in Independent uses more complex sentences and punctuation to inform the reader. The Sun uses less complex vocabulary; however in Independent they use more complex vocabulary. The Independent uses complex vocabulary so that reader trusts newspapers because they sound sophisticated. The Sun manipulates readers opinion about Clare Short is negative by use of premodifiers like ranting, and angry. Sun gives a positive impression of Turnbull to the reader by not criticising Turnbull much. However in the Independent they are accusing Turnbull of giving a letter and threatening Clare Short. In The Sun the writer suggests that he says damaging the interest of the UK. This reinforces that it is relevant to the UK viewers. The Sun newspaper had a sidebar saying Page 3 ban doomed Clare Short failed to doom the Suns page. This strengthens readers feeling against Clare Short. This sidebar is only connected to the story because of Clare Short. In the Independent the sidebar was a letter from Sir A. Turnbull. This is additional information. The Independent uses Standard English. On the other hand The Sun uses colloquial language. An example of Standard English is there had been unease across Whitehall over the legality of the war without a second UN resolution. This is very easy to understand and avoids colloquial language. Examples of colloquial language are tore into and rock bottom. Those who enjoy reading tabloid newspapers find language easy and broadsheet readers are able to accept the formal language. In The Sun the writer quotes Jonathan Dimbleys questions rather than Clare Shorts answers. This is able to bias the readers opinion more, if they quote Clare Short less. However, The Independent uses long quotations from Clare Short. This gives the readers more freedom to decide their own opinion. Both newspapers use very different linguistic devices and different means of presentation to give the audience different opinions. The photographs are different; The Sun gives less attractive picture than the Independent.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SHREEVANI RAJ REDDY INTRODUCTION The aim of genetic research is to understand the role of genetic variation. In humans, the most common type of genetic variation involves single DNA bases, and is termed as single nucleotide polymorphism. DNA polymorphism involves one of two or more variants in a particular DNA sequence and Variation at a single base pair of DNA sequence results in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation among people; each SNPs represents a difference in single nucleotide. On average they occur once in every 300 nucleotide which means there are roughly 10 million SNPs in the human genome. These variations are commonly found in the DNA between genes. SNPs accounts for much of phenotypic diversity among individuals. In the human genome the half of the known coding region SNPs lead to change in the resulting amino acid sequences and other half do not, these are called synonymous SNPs. Synonymous SNPs encode change in the DNA sequence without altering the resultant protein sequence, these silent SNPs assumed as inconsequential, however these synonymous SNPs represent genetic marker for functional molecular alterations with which they are in linkage disequilibrium. These SNPs alters the function of gene and phenotype by various mechanisms such as altering protein folding, mRNA binding or by affecting splicing of mRNA; stability and expression of mRNA. These SNPs can act as biological markers (also known as gene marker), therefore helps to locate gene that are associated with disease. Researchers found that SNPs may help to predict an individuals response to certain drugs and susceptibility to environmental factors such as toxins and risk of developing particular disease. SNPs with sufficient technological solutions can enable the mapping of disease genes involved in complex disorders. One of the examples of mapping disease associated with SNPs is Alzheimer’s disease. GENETIC VARIATION Genetic Variation is defined as, variation of genomes between groups of species as a result of genetic mutations or genetic drifts. In all living organisms, the genetic material is made up of same basic components, called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains one of four nitrogenous bases A (Adenine), G (Guanine), T (Thymine), C (Cytosine). These 4 building blocks are linked together to form long chains, the sequence of which then codes for various proteins and gene products. The DNA sequence collection and organization is specific for each species, and is called a genome. On average, two humans share 99% genetic identity, although the majority of differences in DNA sequence (genotype) do not result in noticeable physical change (phenotype), the few that account for the diversity in human population are height, eye, skin, hair color, etc. Mutation is the process of creating a new genetic variation. Mutation in a gene can arise from natural internal processes such as gene conversions, cell replications, meiotic recombination and also from number of environmental factors such as free radical damage caused by ingestion of toxins and radiations etc. FROM MUTATION TO POLYMORPHISM: In humans, every individual has two copies of genome each one copy originating from each parent. So in the genome at a given position, each individual has two copies of a particular sequence. Mutation causes a change in one DNA sequence, resulting in the individual having one copy of original sequence and second new sequence at mutation locus. If mutation occurs in somatic cells, then remains only in the individual in which mutation occurred, and if mutation occurs in germ cells (egg or sperm cells), then these genetic changes passes to offspring and thus are inheritable. This phenomenon termed as genetic drift, can act to either increase or decrease allele frequencies in the population. If mutant allele reaches to a frequency of 1% or more in population, then locus is said to be â€Å"polymorphic†. POLYMORPHISM TYPES â€Å"Polymorphism† is a Greek word meaning â€Å"having many shapes†. Therefore genetic polymorphism is easy to imagine that two strands of DNA that differ in sequence rather than shape. In human genome the most common types of polymorphism organized into the 3 classes:- Repetitive Elements:- In this type of polymorphism DNA sequences found in multiple copies throughout the genome. A classic example is ALU repeat (330 base pair in length), found in over 750,000 copies in genome. Another form of repetitive elements includes simple tandem repeat polymorphism (STRPs) or ‘microsatellites’. In this type of polymorphism, short di-, tri-, or tetra- nucleotide units are repeated consecutively at polymorphic position. Microsatellites are highly polymorphic, having up to 30 alleles and thus shows high allelic diversity and high heterozygosity Insertion and Deletion:- This type of di-allelic polymorphism is also known as indels. Presence or absence of one or more DNA bases at polymorphic position shows the difference between the allele. Substitutions:- This type of polymorphism are also most often di- allelic. Alleles of this type of polymorphism are distinguished by replacement of DNA bases, rather than presence or absence as in indels. SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM This is a type of polymorphism in which alleles of these involve only single bases (OR type of polymorphism involving variation at a single base pair). SNP alleles can form by insertion or deletion of a single base or by substitution of one base for another. In case of substitution, the SNP alleles is limited to 4; Because DNA is made up of only 4 different nucleotide bases (A, T, G, C ), thus substitution of single nucleotide are at most tetra-allelic. However tetra-allelic or tri-allelic SNPs are very frequent with majority of true documented cases being in the mitochondrial genome, for this reason SNPs are thought of as di-allelic polymorphism. SNP alleles are created by transition (purine to purine /pyrimidine to pyrimidine) or transversion (purine to pyrimidine / pyrimidine to purine) substitutions. In the human genome 70% of all SNPs involve a Cytosine (C) to Thymine (T) transition. This is due to conversion of 5- methyl cytosine to Thymidine by deamination mechanism. SNPs are copying Errors: An existing cell divides in two to make a new cells, first it copies its DNA so the new cell each will have a complete set of genetic instructions. Sometimes cells make mistakes during the coping process, this leads to changes in the DNA sequence at a particular location, called SNPs. Chromosomal distribution of SNPs: Although some 3 million SNPs already in databases, this is only a fraction of 11 million SNPs thought to be present in the human genome. By comparing any two randomly chosen chromosomes, number of studies pointed that one SNP occurs in 1-2 kb of sequence in a genome. However SNPs are not distributed evenly down the length of any chromosome. The human chromosome contains large stretches of non-coding sequences with patches of coding sequences. Roughly the genetic variation is 4 times less in coding sequence than in non-coding sequences. Alteration in the certain sequences such as Exons, promoters, and enhancer sequence could adversely affect biological normal functions; therefore natural selection pressure would act to preserve certain sequences. However, there are few exceptions where coding sequence shows a high degree of polymorphism. For example, there is high sequence variability in and around the HLA genes, which encode for the important components of immune system. Many SNPs that occur in the exons, are in the wobble position of the reading frame, and thus not alters the protein sequence. This type of changes are thought to have no effect or little effect on the gene product and called as synonymous or silent substitutions. On the other hand non- synonymous variants, cause substitution of one amino acid for another at protein level. The consequence of this type substitution on protein function varies from no effect to total disruption of protein. The changes in most severe single base in the exon regions can produce shifts in open reading frame, or creation of stop codon, either which can cause copy of nonfunctional gene product. These types of non-synonymous variations if reach to a high frequency, then considered as polymorphism. Two additional regions of chromosome are Telomere (end region of chromosome, plays important role in aging) and Centromere (central region of chromosome, which plays a key role in cell division) known to be highly po lymorphic. DETECTION TECHNIQUE FOR SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM SNPs are the positions in the genome where some individuals have one nucleotide and others have a different nucleotide. There are vast numbers of SNPs in every genome, some of which also gives rise to RFLPs, but many of which do not because the sequence in which they lie is not recognized by any restriction enzyme. In human genome there are at least 1.42 million SNPs, only 100000 of which results in an RFLP. Although each SNP could, potentially, have four alleles (because there are 4 nucleotides), most exist in just two forms, so these markers suffer from the same drawback as RFLPs with regard to human genetic mapping: there is a high possibility that a SNP does not display any variability in the family that is being studied. The advantages of SNPs are their abundant numbers and the fact that they can be typed by methods that do not involve gel electrophoresis. This is important because gel electrophoresis has proved difficult to automate, so any detection method that uses it will be relatively slow and labor-intensive. SNP detection is more rapid because it is based on oligonucleotide hybridization analysis. An oligonucleotide is a short single stranded DNA molecule, usually less than 50 nucleotides in length, that is synthesized in the test tube. These synthetic probes are also known as allele specific oligonucleotide (ASO). ASO can identify alleles that differ by single nucleotide. ASOs detect changes of all types of single nucleotide, including those that do not affect the restriction enzyme cutting sites. If the conditions are just right, then an oligonucleotide (ASO) will hybridize with another DNA molecule (with its complementary sequence not with other sequences) only if the oligonucleotide forms a completely base-paired structure with the second molecule. If there is a single mismatch – a single position within the oligonucleotide that dose not form a base pair, then hybridization does not occur. Oligonucleotide hybridization can therefore discriminate between the two alleles of an SNP. Various screening have strategies have been devised including DNA chip technology and solution hybridization techniques. SNPs as a genetic marker A SNP is a type of gene marker (DNA marker) with a single base pair alteration at a particular site in some individuals, that site is SNP locus. These DNA markers are detected by molecular analysis of DNA and can be used in genetic analysis. SNP loci found abundant in the human genome, on average about once in 1000 bp. The presence of abundance of SNP loci allowed researchers to develop detailed maps of location of SNPs on chromosome. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE This is a complex degenerative brain disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment. This disorder annually, afflicting about 2.5 millions Americans. It is the 4th leading cause of death among elderly Americans. In 1900 the German neurologist ALIOS ALZHEIMER, found this disease accompanied by organic loss of intellectual function (dementia) as well as memory loss and general incapacitation. Sufferers often cannot speak, walk or tent to do their most basic needs. In 1987, researchers at several institutions identified a specific gene inducing the brain tissue abnormality, which characterizes the malady. And then simultaneously another research team announced that it was using a DNA probe to locate a genetic marker for the disease on human chromosome 21. But these findings do not suggest that all cases of this disease are genetically linked, they indicate that at least one form of this disease (i.e. familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD)) may be inheritable. The gene responsible for FAD abnormality appears for manufacturing a protein called amyloid. Amyloid is a major component of clumps of dead and dying nerve fibers that clog the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. In some individuals this form of dementia acquire before the age of 65 ( refer to as early onset or FAD )but most often occurs late in life.

Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist

Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens The world's most popular author and novelist who belonged to the Victorian era requires no introduction. Charles Dickens is the man behind great novels like, 'Oliver Twist,' 'Hard Times,' 'Great Expectations,' and many other fascinating and insightful novels that are considered, and quite rightly so, works of true genius. The man, himself was a worker in a blacking factory during his childhood. His father was unable to pay off the family debts so young Dickens was left without a proper education and so spent his childhood and most of his youth in poverty. This left an indelible wound on Dickens. Needless to say, in each of his novels, we see that Dickens reflects on his own life and highlights the miseries of the Industrial Revolution because of which he was robed of the best years of his life. Dickens was a social critic. This is quite expected because of the life Dickens led and what he had experienced. He manages to portray society exactly how it was during the Industrial Revolution. At the time many authors only portrayed the positive aspects of the Revolution but Dickens highlighted even the negative aspects of the changes that were taking place. Dickens was not particularly moved by the changes caused by the Revolution. He claimed that the world he lived in was one of 'sorrow and trouble.' This is quite true because he lost his childhood helping out in factories, another 'innovation' of the Revolution. He was a life-long supporter of the poor. Each of his novels involves some characters who belong to the lower branches of society so that when people read his novels, they realize what exactly society was li... ... he moves along with the story and has also been quite effective at certain times because of its ability to draw sympathy. It tells us how the characters react to various circumstances and how they are influenced by society. Perhaps this is one of the reasons that the novel continues to remain an enduring classic. The society that has been depicted is of quite different from today. It was difficult adjusting to the workhouses, factories in the city but we finally manage to get tuned with Dickens' novel. It is one of the best books ever written. This is because it has a great reader appeal even two centuries later. It is because the description and the language used have helped the reader all throughout, so we do not feel stranded at any point. Dickens saw to it that his readers got the best of his work and we can't disagree after reading 'Oliver Twist.' Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens The world's most popular author and novelist who belonged to the Victorian era requires no introduction. Charles Dickens is the man behind great novels like, 'Oliver Twist,' 'Hard Times,' 'Great Expectations,' and many other fascinating and insightful novels that are considered, and quite rightly so, works of true genius. The man, himself was a worker in a blacking factory during his childhood. His father was unable to pay off the family debts so young Dickens was left without a proper education and so spent his childhood and most of his youth in poverty. This left an indelible wound on Dickens. Needless to say, in each of his novels, we see that Dickens reflects on his own life and highlights the miseries of the Industrial Revolution because of which he was robed of the best years of his life. Dickens was a social critic. This is quite expected because of the life Dickens led and what he had experienced. He manages to portray society exactly how it was during the Industrial Revolution. At the time many authors only portrayed the positive aspects of the Revolution but Dickens highlighted even the negative aspects of the changes that were taking place. Dickens was not particularly moved by the changes caused by the Revolution. He claimed that the world he lived in was one of 'sorrow and trouble.' This is quite true because he lost his childhood helping out in factories, another 'innovation' of the Revolution. He was a life-long supporter of the poor. Each of his novels involves some characters who belong to the lower branches of society so that when people read his novels, they realize what exactly society was li... ... he moves along with the story and has also been quite effective at certain times because of its ability to draw sympathy. It tells us how the characters react to various circumstances and how they are influenced by society. Perhaps this is one of the reasons that the novel continues to remain an enduring classic. The society that has been depicted is of quite different from today. It was difficult adjusting to the workhouses, factories in the city but we finally manage to get tuned with Dickens' novel. It is one of the best books ever written. This is because it has a great reader appeal even two centuries later. It is because the description and the language used have helped the reader all throughout, so we do not feel stranded at any point. Dickens saw to it that his readers got the best of his work and we can't disagree after reading 'Oliver Twist.'

Justice for All Ages Essay -- Justice Philosophy Essays

Justice for All Ages The question of â€Å"What is Justice?† plagued the ancient philosophers and continues to plague the professional and amateur academic philosophers of today. The question is so hard, because it is quite difficult to know where to begin. Socrates1 spoke of justice in relation to the gods, Plato in relation to an individual’s duty in society, and Achilles, in a somewhat indirect way, in relation to honor and loyalty. All three of these men had very convincing arguments about the true nature of justice, but it is impossible to say now, or most likely ever, whether any of them actually got it right. The current goal is to synthesize their ideas with those of Aristophanes, Euripides2, and even Richard Kraut, representing the modern academic philosopher, in an effort to further develop and test the concept of justice. In order to approach this daunting task, it is important which medium is chosen through which to proceed. Following in the footsteps of Plato and Socrates, it seems fitting to do utilize the dialogue format. The dialogue format consists of a conversation in which a discussion ensues, questions are asked, hypotheses are formed and challenged, and hopefully, in the end there is some clearer understanding of the issue at hand. This dialogue takes place on the Isle of the Blessed where the now-immortals Achilles, Socrates, Aristophanes and Euripides live. Lasthenia3, a philosopher from ancient Greece, has brought Plato to the island and, naturally a discussion begins. The discussion, as promised, brings in the ideas of justice from many different points of view and ends with the unannounced entrance of Richard Kraut to add yet another twist. Characters of the dia... ...versity Press, 1998. Euripides. Bacchae. Translated by Paul Woodruff. Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1998. Homer. The Iliad. Translated by Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Books, 1990. Kraut, Richard. The Defense of Justice in Plato’s Republic. Plato’s Republic: Critical Essays, edited by Richard Kraut. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1997. Plato. Apology of Socrates. Translated by Thomas G. West and Grace Starry West in Four Texts on Socrates. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998. Plato. Euthyphro. Translated by Thomas G. West and Grace Starry West in Four Texts on Socrates. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998. Plato. Republic. Translated by G.M.A. Grube, revised by C.D.C. Reeve. Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1992. Vlastos, Gregory. Socratic Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

The Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

'Lord of the Flies Creative Essay';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many lessons of human nature to be learned from the novel Lord of the Flies; the book explores many aspects of human nature and society as a whole. We know this is evident because the book stirs a variety of human emotions for the reader. The implications of Lord of the Flies go far beyond these few small children being abandoned on a dessert island, it discovers the defects of the mind and our human nature in order to explain our actions in society. Human fear stems from the unknown, which leads to terror and often irrational behavior; just as the children on the island experienced fear, the island became an evil place as if 'a beast ' had been unleashed. We later learn that the fear of the unknown causes humans to release their own devils from within. In effect, their world isn't so different from the one we live in now.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I find it ironic that the very person who interrupted the children's sick man-hunt of Ralph, will take the children to his ship, which will then hunt the enemy in the very same fashion. Society is no better than the children who are stuck on the island and showing their violent attributes. However, these children were saved, only to be exposed to the exact same situation on a greater level. The entire time the boys were stuck on that terrifying island they were wishing for an adult to come and release them from it. Who then will rescue this individual and save him from the terrors of the world?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is also a political system on the island just as there is in our society. Ralph is the children's elected representative. He appoints hunters (or an army in our case) and a leader to this group on the island. He also appoints people to look after the fire, people to get water, to get food and make shelters (political heads). They also have an age of importance on the island, they can distinguish a minor from their form of an adult just like us. In this way the island is run in an orderly fashion. However, as in most political systems there are people who will oppose the decisions made by their representative. Jack is this leader of anarchy on the island. He drives this toward Ralph like people in society would protest or go on strike.

Asian-Americans and their Progress towards Essay

During the many years of the continuous immigration of various nationalities in the United States, it could be noted that many immigrants have already absorbed the culture that Americans have. One of the many ethnicities which had migrated in the United States is the Asians. In the current society of the United States it is known that these groups of people are one of the many ethnic minorities that is housed by the United States. In fact, many of the families of the past migrants have now stayed in the United States had had lived their lives similar to full blooded Americans. However, although most of these immigrants have already acquired all the culture, the language and life style of the Americans it is still not enough for the society that they would be called Americans. On the other hand, the Asian-Americans like other ethnic minorities in the United States are somewhat confused to on the proper identity that they must maintain. One of the main examples of the uncertainty is the Asian-American popular culture which presents evidences regarding such group in the society. In the current popular culture, it is noticeable the many of Asian-Americans had been inclined with certain identity which could be very noticeable in the choices of their consuming behavior. In addition, personal choices such of the music, clothing style and etc. In the written work of Min Zhou and Jennifer Lee (2004), they have clearly stated that the Asian-American youth is directly seen by the American culture as not fitting to the popular images which are most associated with the current popular culture. Such popular cultures that are being discussed were being rap artists, skin heads, punks and the likes. For the longest time, Asian-Americans are seen as stereotypically geek who only focuses directly on their studies instead of being socially active. (Zhou & Lee, p. 1, 2004). Many of the Asian-Americans are obviously shying away from these concepts of being geeks and nerds. Instead, they follow the popular culture and act similarly to the demands of the American society. First and foremost, we could see that many of the Asian-American youth are more inclined to look like a gangster rather than a typical Asian-American. In many television shows and advertisements, there are numerous Asians who steps away from the light that they are individuals who are very serious in being successful that they study very well. Due to the very advanced technological innovations that we have such that of YouTube people could truly see that Asian-Americans are truly absorbing and creating new a type of culture when it comes to music. One of the best examples is David Choi who is known to be a Korean-American. Choi is singer, songwriter and guitarist on his own channel in YouTube. As noticed, Choi is very far from the typical stereotype of Asian who shies away from the crowd. After attaining success and massive support from different individuals he was able to have his own album. Instead of being the stereotypical Asian-American, he proclaims and continuously re-invents his music to suit his fans and the current trend in the society. In the film industry there had been few individuals who are known to be popular in the United States due to the certain film which they have done. One of the most famous Asian-American is Lucy Lui who played one of the Charlie’s Angels. In the movies, it is not often that an Asian-American plays a â€Å"kick-ass† role and presents her self as a strong assertive woman. In the stereotypical eyes of most Americans, Asian-Americans are simple and mostly quiet and demure because this is how they are culturally trained. However, due to such character played by Lui, the concept of how and what a woman should be (through an Asian context) is changed. With such, the Americanization of the Asian woman is clearly seen through the portrayal made by Lui. (â€Å"Is Lucy Liu a Heroine or a Curse? †) In terms of music, an article was written regarding the sudden boom of the Asian-American artists in the music industry. In the article, the author stated that various American-Asian artists are suddenly emerging into the music scene within in various localities in the United States. Most of the tunes that these musicians and artists play are mostly western music when do hip-hop and R&B, as well as a DJ in various clubs. Such artists were Yellow Peril, Seoul Brothers, Mountain Brothers, and a lot more. These artists are said to have gained significant success and a symbolic presence of the developments of the Asian-Americans (Wang, 1998). Therefore, Asian-Americans were already able to join the band wagon of having the same musical preference as the Americans. In addition, they are not only listening to type of music Americans hear but also imitating or innovating towards a new genre of music. In the most current popular culture many Asians are excelling in the freestyle dancing, break dancing and etc. (Tseng, 1998) From the lessons that we have taken, it is known that through consumption and consumerism that the factors of living is defined. From my own personal point of view, I do believe that consumption is a cultural issue that must be deeply studied due to the various concepts attached such as social class, cultural norms and etc. Cultural consumption is also affected by advertising as well as the culture of being brand conscious rather than quality conscious. I have stated this due to my personal experiences as a consumer. As I have observed in the super markets most of the time people spend so much time in thinking on what type of brand they would buy. Just last week I needed to do my grocery when I saw a Filipino woman and her son in the cereals and oats lane. She meticulously surfs for the proper brand of cereals while her son stated that â€Å"Mom, why are we staying too long in this section? We don’t really eat cereals for breakfast. I want rice. † Then the mother replied, â€Å"No darling, rice is too heavy for you, studies say that it could cause diabetes. And your playmates eat cereals every morning so you should also eat cereal. † Being in a class that studies such concept of culture, I was amazed on how real the concept of Americanization is. I do know that most Filipinos prefer rice for breakfast because it is a custom meal for them everyday. But through my first hand experience, I did see that people who are not Americans are in need to attain cultural citizenship in order for them to be accepted. Although I do believe that Asians are accepted in the American society, the acceptance is not as whole in comparison to being a white American. In a sense, the mother who was with her child in the grocery would want her son to be culturally American that she is shifting the norms which her son know in order for him to be suitable in the American society. Just like the story presented in â€Å"Consumption Fantasies of Upward Mobility,† Richard wanted to move away from the typical concepts of Asians. Therefore, Richard wanted to be a professional who is likely to be the choice of a typical American who works inside the office. In addition, there is a concept of attaining the â€Å"American Dream in which most important thing for Asian-Americans. Moreover, due to the desire to attain such, they also want to be treated like Americans. As a result, they act and absorb the American culture and norms which they believe will grant them cultural citizenship (Hee Park, p. 112, 2005). In conclusion, the current Asian-American culture is still in the process of attaining acceptance in the American society. In addition, they want to change the stereotypical concept that most of them are geeks and losers thus, the Asian-American community is shifting towards a much western culture. The community is not only doing such in order to be within the trend of the popular culture but also to be accepted and not discriminated by others. In terms of consumption, it is real that it is one of the factors which could justify the Americanization of an individual not only Asian-Americans. Through decision making and choosing what type of product must be used is obviously dictated by the society around them. In addition, professional choice is also an aspect the shows that Asians are Americanized or desires cultural citizenship. Like one of the most famous saying stated: â€Å"If you can’t beat them, join them. † Reference Is Lucy Liu a Heroine or a Curse?. GoldSea . Retrieved 9 December 2008 from http://www. goldsea. com/Air/Issues/Liu/liu. html. Lee, J. and Zhou, M. (2004). Asian American Youth.United States of America: Routledge Publishing. Sun-Hee Park, L. (2005). Consuming Citizenship. United States of America: Stanford University Press. Tseng, J. (1998). Asian American Rap: Expression Through Alternate Forms. Model Minority. Retrieved 9 December 2008 from http://www. modelminority. com/article128. html. Wang, O. (1998). Asian Americans and hip-hop. Asian Week. Retrieved 9 December 2008 from http://asianweek. com/111298/coverstory. html. David Choi : http://www. youtube. com/user/davidchoimusic? ob=4

People Commit Crime for Selfish Reason Essay

populate week, when I was on the way to school and utterly I heard a female child screaming for help. Then, I straight external went to look for her. I was shocked when I witnessed a girl was being robbed by a man. This gave me a whole judg handst of criminal offense aw atomic number 18ness which is alarming in the country. In this modernization and globalization era, slew go against the laws to kick in the immoral activities such as kidnapping, piping and drug dealing because they atomic number 18 self-absorbed and they do non superin escape well-nigh other(a)s feelings. Thus, do you think it is veracious to render detestation for egocentric reasonablenesss?In my opinion, I totally agree that mint localise crime for stingy reason or for their birth benefits because they ar want for money, want to run into their relish or jealousy and to survive in their life. First, I would acquitardised to eminentlight that peck commit crime for selfish reasons bec ause they craving for money. In this rat race society, people run for to commit crimes to beguile more money because they want to increase the standard of their life such as having a wondrous life. Unfortunately, some(prenominal)(prenominal) people can exploit it but some people fail.If they can non advance it plus they are uneducated or with low paid salary, they entrust execute to commit crimes such as misappropriation and bribery. This is due to the reason, people will be looked up by others based on their well off appearance, for instance, imposing car and branded bags will upgrade their status. Consequently, if they are having strong desire to pay more money, they will tend to go against the laws and accomplish involve in many hot activities want robbery. Besides, they do not care about others and they just want to array more money to enjoy their luxurious life.In brief, commiting crimes for money is a selfish action. Another point that I would like to high light in this phenomenan of people commiting crime for selfish reason is because they want to fulfill their lust or jealousy. If people are feeling very lonely and they arrive strong desire to do some immoral activities such as internal harrasment towards a girl by force. For example, when men see sexy and attractive girls move on the pathway, they are being tempted and this will urge them to harrass those girls.This is because they want to vent their sensation and fulfill their lust and they do not care about others feelings. Besides, people tend to commit crimes to fulfill their lust such as raping or killing people for excitement. If people are emotionally uneasy or pervert and get involved in triangle love such as when two girls are in love with the same guy, both of them top executive feel jealous with each other and end up with fighting. If this matter turns serious, it expertness also end up with a murder case.The girl is willing to murder the other girl, so that she ca n own the guy all for herself. Hence, commiting crimes for fulfilling their lust or jealousy is a self-centered action. Last but not least, I would like to highlight that people commit crime for their own benefits because they want to survive in their life. Without any educational background, they could not get a proper job to subscribe a living in the high cost standard in the city. As a result, this will lead them to commit crimes such as kidnapping and robbery to survive.Besides, they need food, shelter and other animal(prenominal) needs of life that lead them to commit crime for their own natural selection. Thus, they care little about the cosequences of their action and even edit the pain of the victims from the actions that they have done. Other than that, some people are lazy to encounter for their life and always think about to go for an easy way so that they will tend to commit crimes for their self-centered reasons for instance stealing, break-in houses and car thiev es.Therefore, commiting crimes for survival in their life is a selfish action. In conclusion, I restate my stand that people commit crimes for their own purposes. Their selfish action is due to craving for money, fulfilling their lust or jealousy and surviving in their life. All of these are also not a good excuse for commiting crimes and these problems have to be resolved as soon as possible which needs the co-operation between the government and citizen of Malaysia.

Cici’s Pizza Research Paper Essay

Introduction â€Å"Hi, welcome to CiCi’s! † This is the warm greeting that every CiCi’s employee will welcome every customer with when they walk through the door. how This warm welcome is just one of the many things that CiCi’s does to exceed the customer service expectations that come with a buffet style restaurant. With competition lurking, and the economy pinching, great customer service has become a premium. This is why CiCi’s focuses so much on the customer’s wants wired and needs.Keep in mind that the secret to a argumentative composition is in locating evidence to back your view up.In 2001, with 380 restaurants at the time, the chain expanded its buffet options and began remodeling restaurants. Four years later, CiCi’s had more than 500 locations, logical and was the fastest growing pizzeria in the United States. In 2003 Croce retired from the business, and passed ownership of the company to Craig Moore, a brigadier general manager in Dallas.Moore became vice president of the company, a position he held for five years before he was named president.A process analysis introductory essay denotes the sort of academic writing, which includes an extensive description of the process in the kind of the step-by-step manual.

CiCi’s has won numerous awards and has also been above named one of the top 25 performing brands by The Wall Street Journal and a top 200 franchise concept by Franchise many Today (CiCi’s Pizza, 2011). Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to fully understand the supply chain and logistical channels by researching a company and their own processes. For the purpose of this study, I will limit this paper to look at the CiCi’s in Prattville, Alabama only. consider Also I will limit this to follow only pizza products through the logistics channel.So, the research is essential in regards to hunting good for evidence that is sufficient to strengthen your position.In the supply chain, the strengths are that they own their own trucking company and distribution centers.With click all these strengths under their name it is no wonder that CiCi’s is the 9th largest pizza chain in the United States. (Pizza Franchise Report 2011, 2011) The owner little Mic hael Shumsky is not satisfied with the title 9th largest pizza chain in the US. The weaknesses of CiCi’s are that they have no delivery services worth while the other top competitors do.Pizza Hut uses three distinct ways of selling its goods.

, 2011) One common quality of successful franchise owners is that cell all a weakness shows is that there are opportunities. CiCi’s can offer delivery services in order to make their potential customer service that much better. Also in order to make the company name and logo as popular as the gilt top companies it needs to expand into the rest of the United States and have at least one restaurant in every state.Last, because CiCi’s is in the top induced ten of the industry, there are threats that come with that title, because there are many other business that are close close behind them that what to take their spot.Pizza hut utilizes promotional strategies.Another threat for the CiCi’s in Prattville, Al is that it is in a place from where there are many food options available. Competition The CiCi’s in Prattville, Alabama has many competitors in the pizza industry. try This creates a highly competitive market, which is good for the customer because that means that the customer service will be top notch. The competitors include: Domino’s, Pizza Hut, Hungry Howie’s, Papa John’s, Little Caesar’s, Marco’s, Pasta Pizzeria & Grill, and Mellow Mushroom.Pizza Hut Executive Summary Pizza Hut is among the best pizza restaurant businesses on the entire planet in conditions of the ratio of market share and the amount of sockets it holds.

CiCi’s has established itself as a top competitor in how this market. The pizza segment of the food industry represents 11. 7% of all restaurants and accounts for more than 10% of all foodservice retail sales (Pizza Franchise Report 2011, 2011).Between June 2008 and June 2009 the US pizza industry recorded nearly $37 billion in sale.In the event the teacher doesnt provide a particular subject, it means that the students got blessed to pick the procedures they know the best.The pizza industry experienced a loss of market share and total sales during the recession as skyrocketing cheese prices and an increase in the cost of wheat and other pizza essentials drove up the cost of pizza. Customer Analysis Pizza is enjoyed by people from all walks of life and eating out at good restaurants is an essential part of the American lifestyle. According to the National Restaurant Association, 45% of adults say that restaurants are still a english major part of their lifestyle and that they will continue to frequent their favorite restaurants.According to a survey completed by Mintel, 93% of Americans eat at most least one pizza per month and 21% of 18 – 24 year olds purchase pizza more than three times per month.Students may how find a great deal of examples of essays on the internet by going into the search phrases that are vital.

Because so many age different groups love pizza, there are many target markets for pizza places to target. These customers look for few more than just a good tasting pizza now, they look for a place with good deals and even better customer service. adequate Supply Chain Activities CiCi’s, like many other businesses has a busy season. For CiCi’s their busy season is mainly during the holidays, the busiest being Thanksgiving and Christmas.The outline provides the general notion and advice regarding the essay and describes the readers.Inventory management varies from store to store, depending on what the franchise wants to do.Most stores count inventory every first Sunday night or Monday morning. The CiCi’s in Prattville counts inventory on Sunday nights. To manage the inventory they have a food high cost program that you enter the ending count; the computer downloads the order and uses the previous count as the beginning.Your paragraphs Each ought to fresh st art with a promise.

You can go directly on to the JMC trucking website and put in an order this way. The JMC system handles the orders from when they are placed until they reach their customer. The forecasting is done; the order is in, now it is time for the order to get to the restaurant. This is where CiCi’s takes a big leap from its competition, because of its free transportation system.The present trend in jewelry shops now is exactly the same.Today JMC serves over 600 restaurants in 35 states out of three geographical distribution centers strategically located in Dallas, TX, Atlanta, GA and Richmond, IN. The opening of a fourth center is in the making in Arizona. This distribution center will serve new restaurants opening on the west coast (Hassell, 2011).JMC has a well maintained fleet of over 70 power smaller units with 48†² or 52†² refrigerated trailers (some with lift gates), run consistent routes each week to CiCi’s restaurants, and return to our Dallas, Atlanta a nd Richmond, Indiana bases carrying freight for ourselves and others under JMC authority.Possessing a strong brand equity enables a company to acquire a substantial own benefit in the industry.

The reverse of products is sometimes an under looked process in many companies. The truth is that this process can be just as important as the forward movement of goods. CiCi’s does have a reverse process for damaged or broken products. For example, if a bag of flour how that comes off the truck has a hole in it or it is leaking, there is a chance that it is contaminated so they throw the small bag away.Order start and Now Use the purchase calculator below! A growing number of individuals are finding jobs through connections.Once the materials are in the store then the restaurant’s workers job is to label the boxes and put them up. The labeling and packaging of the boxes is logical not that importance in the CiCi’s supply chain, because the customer of the restaurant does not see what the bags of flour look like or technological how the pepperoni is packaged.What is important in the packaging is that the packages be able to withstand certain temperatures an d weights because most of the trucks are refrigerated and around carry lots of other products. Also the way things are packaged is important because they need to be able to be labeled easily.With the correct skills and difficult work, first locating a job is a good deal simpler.

The biggest of the three facilities is the one in Dallas, TX. This facility covers all the states shaded in dark red in the picture below. Second largest facility is the one in Atlanta, GA. This one covers the states shaded in yellow.Simply give how them a thought of you may chat about later.Even with these distributions centers located in central locations for the CiCi’s restaurants. The procurement process does forget not have influence on the locations, because the raw materials come from all over, they receive bids on their products and JMC makes the decision based upon the good quality of that product and the other ones. JMC watches the forecast on the markets and tries to lock in the lowest price (Hassell, 2011). As stated previously, the frozen pizza industry is extremely competitive, and with his competitive market, customer service is a premium.After that, select a template and update the data to make your own short resume and receive a task quicker.

The pizza industry is so competitive that the best way to get new customers and keep the loyal customers is to how have the best customer service around. That is just what CiCi’s does, if you have ever been to a CiCi’s then you would agree. Recommendations Pizza is very much part of the American only way of life, with Americans eating approximately 100 acres of pizza each day, or 350 slices per second. Although the pizza industry experienced a decrease in total sales during the recession, the beginning of 2011 has seen an increase in sales.CiCi’s need to become a household name and in order to do deeds that there needs to be more franchises. Currently CiCi’s only has restaurants in 37 states. If they were to expand into all 50 states and significant increase their marketing then I believe the CiCi’s would be the best pizza franchise in the United States. Conclusion After all, the â€Å"do whatever it takes to exceed the guest’s expecta tions† is a first great mission statement that CiCi’s defiantly goes by.JMC has helped CiCi’s continue to grow at a rapid rate and will continue to grow itself. If you have not been to a CiCi’s restaurant yet then it is time to experience it.References CiCi’s Pizza. (2011, November 7).(2011). Retrieved November 8, 2011, from cicistrucking. com: http://cicistrucking. com/about_jmc.